Century medical history

Century Medical History Report The eighteenth century comprised of a great deal of social and political occasions. A portion of the social happenings that happened In this century were the French and Indian War, the African slave exchange, and many creating Ideas and Inventions were developing all through the world. Numerous clinical happenings were available too. Smallpox was the shopping center across the board malady that influenced the entire world. Creations and disclosures were made to take care of issues or riddles. An Important individual wasEdward Jennet, who â€Å"discovered† a smallpox inoculation. He didn't really Invent It, since it had just existed. She ran an examination on a multi year old kid to test the smallpox antibody. He did this by giving him cowpox first which filled in as a vaccination. Joseph Priestley was a significant figure in the eighteenth century. He found the now called component oxygen. Prior to his revelation, individuals didn't comprehend wh at air wasñ› or what it was made of. He additionally was a specialist, Philosopher and a Chemist. Benjamin Franklin created the bifocals, in spite of the fact that he was significantly known for his work in electrical theory.He set up laws on how power works, how to store and use it. He is additionally popular for his analysis with the kite and key. Rene Lancer designed the Stethoscope. With this he researched sounds made by the heart and lungs, and contrasted it with his finding he got from post-mortem examinations. He likewise composed the main portrayals of bronchitis' and cirrhosis and furthermore characterized lung conditions like pneumonia, pleurisy and emphysema. In conclusion, John Hunter was a specialist of the eighteenth century and is presently known as originator of â€Å"scientific medical procedure. † He made numerous advances in surgeries, while showing life systems and surgery.He additionally first recorded reports on â€Å"tube taking care of. † By gyring The eighteenth century comprised of a ton of social and political occasions. A portion of the social happenings that happened in this century were the French and Indian War, the African slave exchange, and many creating thoughts and innovations were developing the fundamental broad malady that influenced the entire world. Innovations and revelations were made to take care of issues or puzzles. A notable individual was Edward Jennet, who â€Å"discovered† a smallpox inoculation. He didn't really imagine it, inoculation. Joseph Priestley was a significant figure in the eighteenth century. He

Evolution Of The Global Automobile Industry Marketing Essay

Advancement Of The Global Automobile Industry Marketing Essay By the beginning of twentieth century, the interest for vehicles began developing yet the vehicles were as yet costly, on the grounds that these vehicles were made and amassed with hands. Henry Ford presented the unbelievable Ford Model T which was the start of a time, where even white collar class could possess a vehicle. Just because, Fords Model T presented the idea of Assembly line in the vehicle area. The idea of large scale manufacturing high volume low assortment was brought into center and this was made undying by the words said by Henry Ford in his Autobiography where he says, Any client can have a vehicle painted any shading that he needs insofar as it is dark. The time after the First World War was known as the vintage period (1919-1930). The First World War was an achievement, as shut body vehicles was placed into creation during the 1920s and the innovation of programmed transmission was first conceptualized in this period. During the extraordinary despondency in 1930s the quantity of car producers diminished radically and union in the business occurred. The period 1930-45 was a leeway period, with the exception of interest from military powers for staff transport. After the World War II, enormous scope rehabilatation of war desolated economies occurred and this prompted expanded mechanical action and expanded salaries. The improvement of car part observed various patterns in various nations over the world. America was known for assembling power ridden lavish vehicles; Europe was known for assembling conservative vehicles. This was additionally a period when developing degree of world exchange made rivalry from outside producers another reality with which the car firms needed to manage. The cutting edge period of cars (1980-2010) is the time which saw the greatest activity as progressive plans, upgraded execution and expanded eco-friendliness. The oil stuns in 1973, 1980 and 1990s guaranteed that littler and more eco-friendly vehicles came to remain even in the American market, which was known for its enormous vehicles and SUVs. With developing worry the world over about the results of an unnatural weather change, autos running on elective energizes turned into a reality. The overall business achievement of vehicles running on cleaner advances like Toyota Prius showed the confessing all fuel vehicles. VINAY The Global Auto Industry Today Worldwide car center points are situated in different pieces of Europe, America and Asia. For all intents and purposes each significant nation has at least one auto center points. The most extreme number of vehicle centers is in Europe with United Kingdom having 258 centers, trailed by Romania with 197 and Finland with 83 center points. US of America has 47 auto centers and Detroit in the most popular one. Among Asian nations the two India and china have one center point each. A portion of the significant players in the market and the quantity of vehicles sold by them in the year 2009 Organization No. of vehicles sold Toyota 7,234,439 G.M. 6,459,053 Volkswagen 6,067,208 Passage 4,685,394 Hyundai 4,645,776 Downturn and Auto Industry The worldwide vehicle industry was hit hard by the financial emergency of 2008-09 and the impacts are as yet being felt on the business and the creation. In December 2008 U.S. car deals dropped by 37% contrasted with before year. The effect was felt on different organizations over the world however major among them were the top auto organizations of the United States to be specific for Chrysler, General Motors and Ford which were so hit hard that they applied to be rescued by the United States. The vehicle business every year contributes 3.6% for example 500 billion dollars to U.S.As absolute GDP. This 30% decrease in automobile deals would mean a direct 1% decline in the yield of the nation. The car business has an all out work of 8.5 lakhs work power into assembling, and 18 lakhs laborers in car vendors in USA. In December 2008, the car business introduced an intrigue before the administration for 34 billion dollars bailout bundle to abstain from getting bankrupt. In January 2009, the legislature gave out $24.9 billion from the $700 billion of all out bailout subsidize for the Big 3 auto organizations. Battling Recession A portion of the measures taken by different auto organizations and the administration which were essential for the endurance were that the legislature in china decreased its car duties to prod hailing deals which really occurred. Seeing the falling creation numbers, SBI decreased its financing costs on car advances in February 2009.In the initial hardly any long periods of 2009, Tata Motors directed a far reaching showcasing effort declaring the presentation of the Tata Nano. Nano was named the people groups vehicle, and the Tata Motors trusted that the ease would be a favorable position and thought process behind clients to purchase the vehicle regardless of the credit emergency. In contrast to other people, the South Korean automakers considered it to be a chance. The proceeded with development and achievement of korean organizations is a result of the eco-friendly, well-prepared and reasonable vehicles having guarantees and highlights. This pulled in purchasers from over the glob e and that to at such when there was serious monetary downturn, oil costs were raising at a gigantic rate and condition was an issue of worry for one and all. Consequently South Korean car makers gave a solid rivalry to extravagance vehicles and SUVs which were costly and were from Japan, US and German automobile producers. In Europe deals had diminished definitely and perspectives were communicated to help the car business monetarily, especially in France, Germany and Italy. Substitute auto fills Today observing the progressions occurring on the planet everywhere as far as rising oil and gas costs there is a developing pattern among individuals to go for vehicles which are little and smaller and simultaneously have no trade off with the eco-friendliness and execution. Because of these rising concerns and mindfulness among the individuals with respect to an Earth-wide temperature boost and exhaustion of petro fills, auto organizations world over are attempting to utilize interchange powers like Natural gas, Bio diesel and Electric vehicles which are coming up to take into account the necessities of the advanced client. These substitute powers are earth cordial and furthermore effective and conservative than the oil based energizes. ARJUN Development of Indian Automobile Industry During the 1940s and 1950s, the industry was described by communist belief system. The residential automobile industry was vigorously shielded and remote firms were banished from section. The Indian auto organizations launched their organizations by bringing in know-how from remote firms. Hindustan Motors and Tata Engineering were in the matter of assembling and offer of intensity excavators, dumpers, pieces of machinery, and scrubbers. The main traveler vehicles made were the Ambassador by Hindustan Motors and Premier Padmini by Premier Automobiles Ltd. Substantial Commercial Vehicles were fabricated by Tata Engineering and Ashok Leyland. The Leyland Comet transport was being utilized by the vast majority of the state transport companies. During the mid 1960s, the green upset development improved the agribusiness in India. The International Tractor Company of India, a joint endeavor between Mahindra and the International Harvester Company, USA; was set up in 1963, during the green transformation. The economy was ensured, and henceforth there was no advancement. The organizations had restricted licenses to create merchandise. For example, during the 1970s, to purchase a Bajaj bike; a client needed to sit tight for a long time. It was during the 1980s, the industry was getting used to delicensing in the auto part. These arrangements were instrumental in setting up organizations like Swaraj Mazda, a joint endeavor between Punjab Tractor Ltd., Mazda Motor Corporation, Japan Sumitomo Corporation, Japan. Delicensing evacuated the requirements on yield, sources of info, innovation, and area. This helped plants to use on economies of scale, ideal info mixes, and fresher advancements. Household utilization expanded, because of which the plants were furnished with the fundamental boosts to develop, increment profitability and improve quality. State intercession need not generally lead to poor outcomes. Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL) had broad help of the administrators. The Government of India helped MUL in issues like import clearances, land buys and decrease of extract taxes. Bureaucratic help in any case, MUL had significant preferences like economies of scale, first mover advantage, reasonableness, financing plans and administration systems. Since during the 1970s and 1980s, there was high level of security and guideline, the arrangements of the 1990s like advancement prompted a blast in the automobile business. Outside multinationals delivered innovatively predominant merchandise with ensured quality. The household advertise turned out to be progressively serious. Hyundai has developed as the second most significant vehicle producer after Maruti Udyog Ltd. (MUL) (SIAM, 2008). Other significant players like Ford, General Motors, Toyota, and so on have additionally entered the Indian Market. Source: http://www.india-reports.com/articles/Auto-Industry-India-Demand-Growth.aspx The diagram shows a sharp increment in deals of vehicles since 1990s till 2000. The business reacted to the sharp increment sought after through over limit, upgraded RD offices, cutting edge innovation and coordinations. Auto Hubs in India India is said to have three principle center points of car creation. Chennai India was perceived by different organizations as a potential minimal effort base of assembling. One of the first organizations set shop in Quite a while was Hyundai in 1996. It explored for different destinations across India and focused in on Chennai. Today it produces 6,00,000 vehicles consistently. There are numerous different organizations in the car area that are available in and around Chennai. Some noticeable organizations are: Ashok Leyland Caparo gathering Portage BMW Daimler Mitsubishi Hindustan engines Nissan Renault Imperial Enfield The components that made

Why Do People Commit Suicide

Why Do People Commit Suicide Depression Suicide Print Why Do People Commit Suicide? By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 30, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Jacqueline Veissid / Getty Images More in Depression Suicide Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Childhood Depression In This Article Table of Contents Expand Depression and Mental Illness Trauma Substance Use Loss Hopelessness Chronic Pain A Burden to Others Social Isolation Cry for Help Accidental Suicide View All Back To Top Information presented in this article may be triggering to some people. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911 immediately. Its often difficult to imagine what led a friend, family member, or celebrity to commit suicide. There may have been no clear warning signs, and you may wonder what clues you might have missed. Often, many factors combine to lead to a decision to commit suicide. Its often an act made  during a storm of strong emotions and life stresses rather than after careful consideration. Depression and Mental Illness While there are many factors that can influence a persons decision to commit suicide, the most common one is  severe depression.?? Depression can make people feel great emotional pain  and loss of hope, making them unable to see another way to relieve the pain other than ending their own life. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, depression is present in about half of all suicides. Other mental illnesses besides depression can also play a role in suicide.  For example, a person with schizophrenia  or other illnesses that produce psychosis might be hearing voices that command them to kill themselves.  Bipolar disorder, an illness in which a person experiences alternating periods of high and low moods, can also increase a persons risk for committing suicide.?? Borderline personality disorder  is another condition with a high rate of suicide.  Eating disorders, including anorexia and bulimia, also have a high rate of death by suicide.?? Traumatic Stress A person who has had a traumatic experience, including childhood sexual abuse, rape, physical abuse, or war trauma, is at a  greater risk for suicide, even many years after the trauma.?? In a survey of nearly 6,000 U.S. adults, nearly 22% of people who have been raped had attempted suicide at some point while 23% who experienced physical assault tried to take their own life at some point. Being diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or multiple incidents of trauma raises the risk even further. This is partly because depression is common after trauma and among those with PTSD, causing feelings of helplessness and hopelessness that can lead to suicide. The Connection Between Suicide and PTSD Substance Use and Impulsivity Drugs and alcohol can also influence a person who is feeling suicidal, making them more impulsive and likely to act upon their urges than they would be while sober. Use of drugs and alcohol can contribute to the other reasons people commit suicide, such as the loss of jobs and relationships.?? The rates of substance use and alcohol use disorder are also higher among people with depression and other psychological disorders. Put these together and the risks increase. Loss or Fear of Loss A person may decide to commit suicide when facing a loss or the fear of a loss. These situations can include: Ending a romantic relationship or close friendshipLosing a job or being unemployed and unable to find a sufficient source of steady incomeFinancial problemsLosing social positionLosing your living situation due to financial reasons or the ending of a relationshipAcademic failureLosing social or family acceptance due to revealing your sexual orientationBullying, shaming, or humiliation, including cyberbullyingBeing arrested or imprisoned Hopelessness Hopelessness, either in the short-term or as a longer-lasting trait, has been found in many studies to contribute to the decision to commit suicide. The person may be facing a social or physical challenge and may see no way the situation can improve. When people feel they have lost all hope and dont feel able to change that, it can overshadow all of the good things in their life, making suicide seem like a viable option.   While it might seem obvious to an outside observer that things will get better, people with depression may not be able to see this due to the pessimism and despair that go along with this illness. Chronic Pain and Terminal Illnesses If a person has chronic pain or illness with no hope of a cure or reprieve from suffering, suicide may seem like a way to regain dignity and control of their life. In some states, assisted suicide is legal for this very reason. According to a study in the American Journal of Preventative Medicine, the following health conditions were associated with a higher risk of suicide:?? AsthmaBack painBrain injuryCancerCongestive heart failureDiabetesEpilepsyHIV/AIDSHeart diseaseHigh blood pressureMigraineParkinsons disease Chronic pain can also bring on anxiety and depression, which can also increase your risk of suicide. According to research, people with chronic pain are four times more likely to have depression or anxiety than those who are pain-free. Chronic Disease and Mental Health Belief Your Life Is a Burden to Others A person with chronic pain or a terminal illness can also feel like a burden to others, as it becomes harder and harder to ask for yet another ride to the doctors office or more help with household duties or assistance paying for hospital bills. In fact, many people who decide to commit suicide often state that their loved ones or the world, in general, would be better off without them. This type of rhetoric is a common warning sign of suicide. People often see themselves as a burden to others or feel worthless due to the overwhelming emotional burden they are carrying within. Social Isolation A person can become socially isolated for many reasons, including losing friends or a spouse, undergoing a separation or divorce, physical or mental illness, social anxiety, retirement, or due to a move to a new location. Social isolation can also be caused by internal factors such as low  self-esteem.  This can lead to loneliness and other risk factors of suicide such as depression and alcohol or drug misuse. The Health Consequences of Loneliness A Cry for Help Sometimes people attempt suicide not so much because they really want to die, but because they simply dont know how to get help. Suicide attempts are not a cry for attention but a cry for help. It becomes a way to demonstrate to the world just how much they are hurting. Unfortunately, these cries for help may sometimes prove to be fatal if the person misjudges the lethality of their chosen method. People who make a failed attempt are also at a much higher risk of trying again, and their second attempts are much more likely to be lethal.   Accidental Suicide There are some situations where what appears to be a suicide is actually an accidental death. The dangerous choking game (also known as “pass-out challenge,” “flatliner,” and space monkey”) where teens attempt to asphyxiate themselves in order to feel a high, as well as autoerotic asphyxiation, are examples. Accidental suicides can also include unintentional overdoses, poisonings, and firearm deaths. A Word From Verywell You may never know why a person committed suicide. While it might have appeared that someone had everything to live for, it probably didnt feel that way to them. If you or a friend are at risk of self-harm, the  National Suicide Prevention Lifeline  is available 24/7 for online chat or by phone by calling 800-273-8255.

The Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith - 1521 Words

In Adam Smith’s famous work, The Wealth of Nations, he references the idea of the â€Å"invisible hand† and its influence on the individual. An excerpt from Smith’s renown book reads, â€Å"[E]very individual necessarily labours to render the annual revenue of society as great as he can. He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it . . . he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention† (Harrison, 2011). A simple interpretation of Smith’s â€Å"invisible hand† concept is that the buying influence of the general consumer is unrecognized by the consumer them self. The consumer’s buying power not only controls were the money in the community is spent, but can also influence what is bought and sold. Lack of recognition of these two basic buying powers creates a market that is u ninhibited by consumer ideals and morals. Lately, the reach of market values has started encompass aspects of life that it once did not. Michael Sandel wrote in his essay, Markets and Morals, â€Å"The more money can buy, the more affluence matters† (Morals and Markets 43 ¬).The â€Å"invisible hand† of the market has always gripped the throats of the poor and now with an expansion of market values the grip is becoming tighter. In the essay â€Å"Markets and Morals†, Michael Sandel calls for attention to be directed at the spread of markets into other spheres of lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1659 Words   |  7 PagesAdam Smith, the author of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, was a Scottish moral philosopher during the Industrial Revolution who was inspired by his surroundings to write about the field of economics. Being a man of intellect on various types of philosophical views, Smith was able to portray his passionate feelings ab out political thought through his well-written works. 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Smith also provides evidence throughout The Wealth of Nations, proving that his method of labour division is the best way to develop the economy. The key behind Smith’s writing is to prove how division of labour will improve economic progress. Initially, Smith proposes the idea

Passing. Passing Is A Transcendental Novel That Its Focus

Passing Passing is a transcendental novel that its focus is not encompassed only in a unique group of people, but embraces and approaches a cross section of diverse categories involving sexuality, gender, â€Å"race,† and class distinction. All the non-accepted characteristics by society converge in Irene and Clare Kendry who are the main characters in Passing. Irene and Clare are Black light-skinned women who show an implicit sexual tension in their comments to each other. Furthermore, they address their lives in different directions. Clare decides to pass as a White woman and marry a White wealthy racist man who provides her a class and social stability, while Irene marries a Black doctor, and live a faà §ade of a happy marriage; although Clare†¦show more content†¦The question of identity might seem blurry since Clare and Irene are defined by non-traditional standards. Nonetheless, the key point is uniqueness, these characters cannot be oversimplified or stereotyped accor ding to their complexion or sexuality since they have a duality in â€Å"race,† for they can pass as white women. The author †¦ mentions, â€Å"Through the character of Clare, her body, and her actions, Passing deals with the binaries of race (black/white), gender (woman/man), sexuality (heterosexual/ homosexual), (13) and class (working-class/middle-class)† (Larsen 35). In the case of Clare, the reader can observe how Clare can camouflage in different scenarios whether with her sexuality, with her â€Å"race,† or maintaining a conversation with lower class individuals. Irene’s duality is subtle, she passes as a white woman, so she can enter to places like the Drayton without being perturbed, and her sexuality is a mystery. Clare Kendry and Irene have different points of view when it comes to the ideology of â€Å"race.† Irene is proud of being Black, and for her having a bond with her family and friends is primordial. On the other hand, Clare Kendry is not attached to any physical or blood belonging. However, both can have the privileges of being â€Å"multiracial.† An author †¦says, Physical features, namely skin color, are linked to attributes of intellect and behavior, establishing aShow MoreRelatedThe Book The Gift, By Vladimir Nabokov And Viktor Shklovsky2280 Words   |  10 Pagesemulate their experiences in both their lives in Russia and away from their home country. Such writers, Vladimir Nabokov and Viktor Shklovsky, while not overtly stating their experiences in exile in their work, clearly derive much from their lives. 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That he is regarded as God incarnate seems patently absurd. 4. It is not clear whether Selassie believed himself to be a God. 5. For Rastas, marijuana, which is illegalRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pageschoice of that social area within which the writer elects to situate the Nature of his language (p. 21). M.T. FILM LANGUAGE I PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO FILM 1 On the Impression of Reality in the Cinema In the days when the cinema was a novel and astonishing thing and its very existence seemed problematical, the literature of cinematography tended to be theoretical and fundamental. It was the age of Delluc, Epstein, Balà ¡zs, Eisenstein . . . Every film critic was something of a theoretician

Information Systems Management in Practice Free Essays

Information system is perceived as tools to automate business processes for better performance and productivity. It is viewed as a machine which takes input, possesses processing logic and gives a defined output which is further used to process jobs. It was strictly viewed as a catalyst in bulk processing of tasks and also those that are very difficult for human resources to take care. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Management in Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Primarily the idea of information system was duly followed and businesses could use it often effectively for automating their business processes. Presently, the meaning of information system is quite different from traditional thinking. It is definitely used for automating tasks; however it is also used for mining of data for finding a new definition of information. The idea is to find the hidden meaning of information, intelligence in the information domain for an organization. The meaning of integration of various isolated business processes into a holistic integrated system is a new meaning of technology. The concept of information system is now exploited to bring out exceptional variants of fetching intelligence out of information and better and stronger connection of resources for better business advantage. The idea is to encourage better process development which would ensure right judgment of the business advantage. From the transition of simple systems to ERP and intelligent systems, information technology has taken a leap ahead in finding better solutions for business. The transition further would enhance better forms of use and seamlessly integrating with various latest handled devices for control and management of business processes. The combination of technology and communications would bind the technology closely with the needs of the organization and evolve to enable the organization for better prospects in future. The previous perceptions of information system have evolved with time and have become better to understand the organization and its needs. The information system perception from automated behavioral nature to intelligent devices has come a long way to decide the future rule of information systems over every part of human life and work. References McNurlin B. C. and Sprague R. H. (2009). Information Systems Management in Practice (8th Ed). Prentice Hall. How to cite Information Systems Management in Practice, Essays

Academic Writing for Journal of Food and Culture -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAcademic Writing for Journal of Food and Culture. Answer: Text 1: Text 1 Your summary of the main (overall) argument What points are used to support the main argument? What evidence is used to substantiate these supporting points? Tibbetts, J 2015, 'Freegans risk the hazards of dumpster diving', Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 185, no. 7, pp. 282-283. The chief argument of this article is whether dumpster diving is harmful for health or not. According to Quincy Brandt, who frequently undergoes dumpster diving for consuming priced objects like fancy cheeses, king crab legs and others, he has never gone through any illness due to dumpster diving. Along with young people who perform the act of dumpster diving for consuming prised food free of cost or for environmental good, several individuals are compelled perform dumpster diving due to financial insufficiency. While according to several physicians dumpster diving posses the potential to make individuals severely ill, very few cases are of illness due to dumpster diving are reported. According to Jim Chan, a public health official, dumpster divers unwillingness to report their illness is the chief reason behind lack of record of illness due to the mentioned act. According to Jim Chan and Eskow, dumpster diving has severe health risks. Heath risk of people who consume food from dumpster due to lack of money is much greater compared to other dumpster divers. People must have a reason for dumping food. Majority of chances are there that the food is defected. According to Thomas kerr, several diseases ranging from stomach upset, sprained ankles to fatal infection due to cuts are reported due to dumpster food consumption by poor individuals. Unlike other dumpster divers, homeless people are unable to wear protective gear or wash their food while dumpster diving and hence has greater tendency of falling ill. Text 2: Text 2 Your summary of the main (overall) argument What points are used to support the main argument? What evidence is used to substantiate these supporting points? Perera, C 2017, 'I am not buying things': why some people see 'dumpster diving' as the ethical way to eat',The Conversation, viewed 4February 2018, https://theconversation.com/i-am-not-buying-things-why-some-people-see-dumpster-diving-as-the-ethical-way-to-eat-86536. The chief argument of this article is that dumpster diving is an act that highlight the wastage of food by the food market of Australia. Considering the fact that approximately 20 billion dollars of edible food is wasted every year in Australia, a good number of citizens in Australia are considering dumpster diving to be one of the most effective way to reduce the huge amount of food wastage. In spite of the fact that, by dumpster diving, the divers are able to obtain edible foods free of cost, according to several dumpster diver, it is not the only reason behind dumpster diving. According to several interviewees, two of the chief reasons behind their act is environmental betterment and opposing the unsustainable food production. Other dumpster divers states that dumpster diving make them feel that they are bringing a positive change to the environment and thus generates a feeling of satisfaction. Some individuals find this act fun since they find dumpster diving similar to a treasur e hunting act. While some of the food chain retailers are supporting the act of dumpster diving, according to a majority of retailers, dumpster diving should be banned since it can cause serious injury due to consumption of unsafe food materials. According to some retailers, dumpster diving should be declared as an illegal act as it is similar to stealing. While dumpster diving cannot be considered as the ultimate remedy to food wastage, in order to completely eradicate food wastage, everybody, starting from retailers to consumers have a role to play. Both retailers and consumers should buy visually imperfect food materials to stop food wastage. Majority of the interviewees considers dumpster diving as an effective way to reduce waste, oppose the unsustainable food market of Australia and to create a sense of community. However, according to a good number of retailers, dumpster diving should be declared illegal and unsafe. The fact that a vegetables and fruits which are visually imperfect are not bought by the retailers and are thrown away eventually can be considered as an evidence for supporting dumpster diving. . Topic sentence: Dumpster diving though have a noble cause, is harmful for health. Supporting points: In spite of the fact that Freegans that is a mixture of free and vegan, have uplifted the concept of dumpster diving, which was initially looked down upon, several health risks has been encountered due to the act of dumpster diving. Every year, approximately 5.4 million Australians are found to be affected of food poisoning due to consumption of bacterial contaminated food. Mere washing of food picked up from dumpster, is often found to be not enough to remove the bacterial contamination (Vinegar, Parker and McCourt 2016). Especially during the summer, the foods inside the dumpster along with the dumpster itself grow bacteria. Risk of food getting rotten in the dumpster is also there. Pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella, Listeria an E. coli can breed in dumpster food during summer. Dumpster themselves breed bacteria and pests that include roaches, rodents and flies. Along with that, dumpster food can get in contact with chemicals as well as human and animal wastes like fecal matter a nd excretion. Other reasons behind throwing away foods by shoppers include the food has got spoiled or rotten. Researchers found that homeless individuals who consume food from dumpster are subjected to illness more than dumpster divers who are performing the act for environmental betterment (Lindeman 2012). Chief reasons behind that is, like other divers, they are unable to wear protective gears while diving into the dumpsters. Dumpsters often contain sharp materials like broken glasses and knife which may cause serious injury. Besides that, since they dont have a proper residence, they are unable to wash the food properly before consuming. Since the immunity system of homeless people is generally weaker than that of the other dumpster divers, homeless individuals are more prone to illness due to dumpster diving compared to other divers. Horrible infections due to cuts, ankle sprain and fatal stomach problems are not uncommon among homeless and financially weak individuals. Unfortunately these individuals are unlikely to seek medical treatment and as a result, evidence for illness due to dum pster diving are not enough to stop the mentioned act. While homeless individual do not report their illness due to lack of money, several dumpster divers do not disclose dumpster diving as the reason behind their illness due status issues. Considering the fact that dumpster diving can be harmful for the health of dumpster divers, alternative ways should be focused in order to deal with the issue of huge food wastage in Australia. An effective way to eradicate food wastage by the retailers and consumers is by increasing awareness among them. The government should organize campaigns and surveys in order to enhance awareness among the citizens and food retailers of Australia. Participation of each and every individual in the society is needed to stop the huge wastage of food. Retailers should not reject buying visually imperfect food from farmers (Thompson 2012). They should optimize their supply chain and reduce the amount of display food. Apart from that, foods which are approaching expiry date needs to be heavily discounted or donated to various charities present in Australia. While retailers should take the above mentioned steps, consumers should also contribute to the noble act of irradiating wastage of food by not r ejecting visually imperfect vegetables and fruits and by ordering only that amount of food which he or she is able to consume. Conclusion Sentence: Alternative ways of eradicating wastage of food should be focused on instead of dumpster diving. Reference list: Lindeman, S 2012. Trash eaters.Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture,12(1), pp.75-82. Perera, C 2017, 'I am not buying things': why some people see 'dumpster diving' as the ethical way to eat',The Conversation, viewed 4February 2018, https://theconversation.com/i-am-not-buying-things-why-some-people-see-dumpster-diving-as-the-ethical-way-to-eat-86536. Thompson, S.J., 2012. Traumatic stress among homeless young adults: Challenges and treatment issues.J Trauma Stress Disor Treat 1,1, p.2. Tibbetts, J 2015, 'Freegans risk the hazards of dumpster diving', Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 185, no. 7, pp. 282-283. Vinegar, R., Parker, P. and McCourt, G., 2016. More than a response to food insecurity: demographics and social networks of urban dumpster divers.Local Environment,21(2), pp.241-253.